BIOCHEMICAL PATHWAYS
Biochemical processes may be conveniently viewed as an ASSEMBLY LINE of SEQUENTIAL CHEMICAL REACTIONS (examine three or more different pathways at this site), each controlled by a unique enzyme. The biochemists have given the various series of enzyme-directed reactions names, like the TCA CYCLE, GLYCOLYSIS etc. (click the pathways to view the animated steps using the helper app Chime). for ease of discussion. To see animations of how specific chemical reactions look click here then click on "Glycolysis" followed by "Glycolysis--Step by Step". However, remember that everything in a cell is INTIMATELY
INTERCONNECTED and every individual reaction must be thought of as affecting every other reaction. One proof that all life is related, is that a core of biochemical pathways run throughout life. The sugar glucose, for example, is used as a food by almost every organism on the planet and the enzymatic pathways for utilizing glucose are extremely similar. The various enzymes involved may differ in physical characteristics, but the chemical steps involved in glucose breakdown are the same. "Do you think that this continuity of life does or does not support the theory of evolution?" Click here to see a metabolic map like that on the wall in the lab. Click on the Carbohydrate Metabolism label and view that portion of the metabolic map.
Although most of the core biochemical pathways are known, some specialized pathways are still unknown: such as those involved in the synthesis of some antibiotics. The major research issue today is how enzyme activity and synthesis are REGULATED. For example, every human cell with a nucleus contains the ENTIRE COMPLEMENT OF HUMAN GENES, yet only a small portion of these genes are active at any time in any given cell; in the eye only genes involved for vision are active, in the liver, only those required for liver cell functioning are active etc. The development of a human from a single egg is a poorly understood process. How specific sub-sets of genes are turned on and off in time and space present an exciting challenge for scientists.
Click here or here for excellent presentations of glycolysis. Click here to have a choice of pathways you want to see. Click here for a great site on pathways and for a colored map showing the interconnectivity of the metabolic pathways.
Click here to view the complete biochemical chart. Type in "glucose 6 phosphate" and hit ENTER. Use the arrows to move around the chart.
（Source：Dr. R. E. Hurlbert, WSU.EDU）
BIOCHEMICAL PATHWAY DIAGRAMS
Fatty Acid Oxidation Reactions
Glycolysis/Gluconeogenesis Pathways
Fatty Acid Biosynthesis Reactions
Basic Folate Metabolism Pathways
Kreb's TCA Cycle Intermediate Metabolism
(Sourece: Richard A. Paselk, Humboldt State University)
Other Resources of Biochemical Pathway
Metabolic pathway - Wikipedia, the free encyclopedia
In biochemistry, a metabolic pathway is a series of chemical reactions occurring within a cell. In each pathway, a principal chemical is modified by ...
en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Metabolic_pathway
Image results for biochemical pathways
and Pathway Map
Digitized version of wall charts courtesy Boehringer Mannheim et al, divided into Metabolic Pathways and Cellular and Molecular Processes, maintained by the ...
www.expasy.ch/cgi-bin/show_thumbnails.pl
Each dataset contains classification hierarchies for pathways, for reactions ( the enzyme nomenclature system), for compounds, and for genes. ...
pathway.yeastgenome.org/biocyc/
Pathways is provided an an ancillary to General, Organic and Biochemistry and Concepts of Biochemistry. Please send any comments or suggestions to Jim Hardy ...
ull.chemistry.uakron.edu/Pathways/index.html
Yeast Biochemical Pathways are created using the Pathway tools software developed by Peter Karp and his colleagues at SRI International. ...
www.yeastgenome.org/biocyc/
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