Super Biochemistry--unit 1-50

Biochemistry (Chapters and Vocabulary)

DNA Replication, Recombination, and Repair

1: Okazaki Fragments.

2: Priming.

3: Origin of Replication in E. coli.

4: Double-Stranded DNA Can Wrap Around Itself to Form Supercoiled Structures

5: Topoisomerase II Mechanism.

6: Structure of Topoisomerase II.

7: Topoisomerase I Mechanism.

8: Structure of a Topoisomerase.

9: Topoisomers.

10: Linking Number.

11: DNA Polymerases Require a Template and a Primer

12: Conserved Residues among Helicases.

13: Helicase Mechanism.

14: Helicase Structure.

15: Proofreading.

16: Shape Selectivity.

17: Minor-Groove Interactions.

18: DNA Polymerase Mechanism.

19: DNA Polymerase Structure.

20: DNA Can Assume a Variety of Structural Forms

21: Comparison of A-, B-, and Z-DNA

22: Z-DNA.

23: Propeller Twist.

24: Major and Minor Grooves in B-Form DNA.

25: Major- and Minor-Groove Sides.

26: Steric Clash.

27: Sugar Puckers.

28: B-Form and A-Form DNA.

29: Faithful copying is essential to the storage of genetic information.

30: DNA Replication At Low Resolution.

31: Consequences of Strand Separation.

32: DNA Replication.

33: DNA Replication, Recombination, and Repair

34: Problems

35: Summary

36: Mutations Involve Changes in the Base Sequence of DNA

37: Ames Test.

38: Triplet Repeat Expansion.

39: Mismatch Repair.

40: Uracil Repair.

41: Excision Repair.

42: Structure of DNA-Repair Enzyme.

43: Repair Pathways.

44: Cross-Linked Dimer of Two Thymine Bases.

45: Aflatoxin Reaction.

46: Acridines.

47: Chemical Mutagenesis.

48: Base Pair with 5-Bromouracil.

49: Base Pair with Mutagenic Tautomer.

50: Double-Stranded DNA Molecules with Similar Sequences Sometimes Recombine

Super Biochemistry--unit 51-100

51: Recombinases and Topoisomerase I.

52: Recombination Mechanism.

53: Holliday Junction.

54: Recombination.

55: DNA Replication of Both Strands Proceeds Rapidly from Specific Start Sites

56: Telomere Formation.

57: Proposed Model for Telomeres.

58:Eukaryotic Cell Cycle.

59: Coordination between the Leading and the Lagging Strands.

60: Replication Fork.

61: Structure of the Sliding Clamp.

62: Proposed Architecture of DNA Polymerase III Holoenzyme.

63: DNA Ligase Mechanism.

64: DNA Ligase Reaction.

The Immune System

65: Diversity Is Generated by Gene Rearrangements

66: Class Switching.

67: B-Cell Activation.

68: B-Cell Receptor.

69: V( D ) J Recombination.

70: Light-Chain Expression.

71: VJ Recombination.

72: The Kappa Light-Chain Locus.

73: Antibodies Bind Specific Molecules Through Their Hypervariable Loops

74: Antibody - Protein Interactions.

75: Antibodies Against Lysozyme.

76: Binding of a Small Antigen.

77: Variable Domains.

78: The Immunoglobulin Fold Consists of a Beta-Sandwich Framework with Hypervariable Loops

79: Immunoglobulin Fold.

80: Antibodies Possess Distinct Antigen-Binding and Effector Units

81: Variable and Constant Regions.

82: Immunoglobulin Sequence Diversity.

83: Properties of immunoglobulin classes

84: Classes of Immuno-Globulin.

85: Segmental Flexibility.

86: Antigen Cross-Linking.

87: Immunoglobulin G Cleavage.

88: Immunoglobulin G Structure.

89: Just as Medieval defenders used their weapons and the castle walls to defend their city, the immune system constantly battles against foreign invaders such as viruses, bacteria, and parasites to defend the organism.

90: Immunoglobulin Production.

91: The Immune System

92: Problems

93: Summary

94: Immune Responses Against Self-Antigens Are Suppressed

95: Consequences of Autoimmunity.

96: T-Cell Selection.

97: Major-Histocompatibility-Complex Proteins Present Peptide Antigens on Cell Surfaces for Recognition by T-Cell Receptors

98: HIV Receptor.

99: Human Immunodeficiency Virus.

100: Polymorphism in Class I MHC Protein.